Washing machine



March 15, 1927.

H. R. MERSELES WASHING MACHINE Filed Aug. 17, 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet l f T 7 T 3.0 5 rw U a W T 4 l M DI m M. W P, .J Zw. Q Ma f P a 1.. Q M a1 y 6 R mi M w w z M INVENTOR. '/f M March 15, 1927. 1,620,671

' H.4 R. MERSELES WASHINGMACHINE Filed Aug. 17, 1922 4 Sheets sheet 2 A N L 'INI/ENTOR.

1,620, March 15, 1921. H RRRRRRRRR ES I 671 AAAAAAAAAAAA NE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY nf marismas, or ianoNxvILLE, NEW Yonx, AssreNon 'ro HERBERT E. MERsELEs, or BRoNxvILLE, NEW Yoan.

WASHING MACHINE. 'l

Application filed August i7, i922. sriai Nb. 582,396.

An object of the invention is to provide a,

-unitary structure for directinga washing fluid and a rinsing fluid against the articles to be washed, and so arranged that the rinsing fluid does not come into contact with any Yparts of the structure with which Jthe washing fluid lias been in contact; This has the advantage of preventing the rinsing fluid from becoming soiled by the material which has been removed from the dishes by the Washing fluid. i A further object of the invention is to provide a dish washing machine with a ro- 20. tary projector for directing the washing fluid against the dishes, and so arranged that its rotation is caused by the impulse of the fluid forced into the projector as well as by the reaction of the fluid discharged lby the projector. Since it is thus not necessarymo rely solely upon the reaction of the fluid discharged to rotate the projector, the discharge nozzles of the projector may be inclined so as to strike the dishes most effectively.

A further object of the invention is to provide j rotaryw projectors for directing fluids with equal effectiveness against all the soiled surfaces of the articles. y

A further object of the invention is to se cure a thoroug/l/ifdistribution of the rinsing fluid over the articles while, at the same time, utilizing a srrfll amount of rinsing fluid supplied under a low pressure. 'Ihis has the advantage of enabling` the rinsing fluid to be furnished from a domestic hot-water supply. l f

A further object of the invention is to pro` r vide a single control for the supply of washing and rinsing fluids and to connect this control with the cover of the tank in which the washing takes place in such manner that the cover cannot be opened without actuating the control to stop the washing. This has the advantage of preventing the spilling of the washing fluid when the cover of the tank is opened.

A lfurther object of the invention is to provide -a support for the .dishes to be duit within the neck of the pump;

washed which will retain them in a position to receive the washing fluid most effectively, regardless of tleTT/'anner in which they are placed in the support.

Other objects and advantages of the invention are hereinafter explained. A dish washing machine embodying vthe invention in the form which I now consider best, includes a tank containing a support for the articles to be washed and provided at its top with a hinged cover. To the bottom of the tank is secured a compact mechanism which may be termed a wash and rinse unit. This mechanism is provided with a control lever, by the manipulation of which the mechanism may be caused to project,

first, a washing fluid, and, then, a rinsing fluid against the articles'on the support.

The nature of the invention may best be understood by a detailed'description of a dish washing machine embodying it', which is shown in the4 accompanying drawings, in

which Fig. 1 is aback elevation ofthe entire machine, showing the tank partly sectioned on the line 1--1 of Fig. 2'

Fig. 2 is a top view of the machine with a part of the cover broken away and the dish rack removed;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged, fragmentary, vertical section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 and showing the air vent between the cover and the tank;

Fig. 4 is a back elevation upon a larger s cale than Figs. 1 and 2, sectionedon the line 1-1 of Fig. 2 and the line 4-4 of Fig. 8, and showing the bottom portion of the tank, the dish rack, and the wash and rinse "l unit;

',Fig. 5 is an enlarged end view of the wash and rinse arms looking in the direction of the arrow 5 is Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 isan enlarged side view of one of thel rinse arm nozzles partially sectioned 'on the plane of its discharge slit;

' Fig. 7 isan enlarged, fragmentary section on the-line 7--7 of Fig. 4 showing the shape of the transverse portion of the rinse con- Fig. 8 is a horizontal section on the line 8--8 of Fig. 4 with parts ofthe top and bottom of the pump casing broken away l Fig. 9 is an enlarged, fragmentary, hori: zontal section onthe line 9-9 of Fig. 4

showin the hub of the wash projector and the de ectors therein;

Figs. 10 and 11 show a modified fornrof pump casing and rinse conduit, Fig. 10 being a horizontal section on the line 10-10 of Fig. 11, and Fig. 11 being a vertical sec tion on line 11-11 of Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is a top view oi the dish rack' Fig. 13 is a top view of the silver basket; and

Fig. 14 is a side view of the silver basket.

The dish washing machine shown in the drawings includes a tank T. provided with a hinged cover C. In the upper portion of the tank is seated a dish rack D. Secured in the bottom of the tank T is the wash and rinse unit U, which includes a pump P, a wash projector W, and a rinse projector R, all located within the tank T, and an electric motor M located outside and below the tank. To the outside of the tank T is secured a control mechanism K for controlling the supply of washing fluid and rinsing uid to the projectors W and R.

The tank T may e made of sheet metal or other convenient material. It is supported upon legs T1 which are of such length that the top of the tank is at about the height of an ordinary kitchen table. The side wall T2 of the tank may be substantially cylindrical, as shown. The side wall T2 has a very slight taper, so that the diameter of its upper edge is slightly larger than the diameter of its lower edge. The side wall T2 is provided with two spaced internal beads T2, T2. These beads are of the same depth, but owing to the slight taper of the side wall, the diameter of the inner edge of the upper bead T3 is slightly larger` than the diameter of the inner edge of the lower bead T2. The upper inclined surface Tof the bead T3 co-operates with the cover C to form an air vent and water trap, as hereinafter described. The upper surface T6 of the bead T4 provides a support for the dish rack D. The bottom T7 of the tank slopes downwardly toward the center of the tank. At the middle of the bottom is a round'opening T2. The bottom is formed to provide a horizontal, annular ange T9 around the opening T8.

The wash and rinse unit U has a station ary member or rigid frame U1, which forms the stationary part or casing P1 of the pump P and the casing M1 of the motor M. A portion of the frame U1 forms a closure for the opening T8 in the bottom of the tank T. In the unit shown in the drawing, this closure is formed by the bottom P2 of the pump casing. The pump bottom P2 is provided near its outer edge with two holes U2, U5, the purpose of which is here-4 inafter explained. The rotary members'of the unit are supported on the rigid frame U1. These include the motor armature and the pump impeller P2 and a common vertical. shaft U2 on which they are mounted, the wash projector WV, and thc 'ings for the shaft U2. The wash projector W is mounted on the pump casing P1, and the rinse projector R is mounted on the wash projector lV. The wash and rinse unit U may be completely assembled before it is applied to the tank T. After the unit has been assembled, it is placed in the tank and the motor M is passed through the hole T8 so that the peripheral portion of the botv tom P2 rests u on the flange T. It is secured -to this ange by stud bolts U7 and, if desired, may also be soldered to the bottom of the tank. The unit is placed in the tank in such .position that the holes U4, U" in the bottom P2 are brought into alignment with corresponding holes in the flange T. Adrain pipe O is connected with the open ing U5. In the upper end of this drain pipe is seated the lower end O2 of an overiiow pipe O1. The lower end of the overflow pipe O1 fits tightly enough 'in the upper end of the drain pipe O to prevent leakage between them, while at the same time the overflow pipe O1 may be lifted out when desired. When the overflow pipe O` is inserted in the drain pipe O as shown in the drawings, the upper end O3 of the over-- flow pipe O1 is on a level with the upper part of the pump casing P1. The hole U4 provides for the entrance into the tank of a rinse supply conduit, which is hereinafter described.

The motor M is of the usual construction. It is supplied with electricity through leads M2, which pass through a switch M2. The casing M1 of the motor is of the usual con struction, except that its upper portion is provided with arms M4 whose upper ends are joined by a ring M5. This ring is secured to the bottom P2 of the pump casing P1 by means of stud bolts M". The upper portion of the motor casing M1 is imperforate except for the central hole through which the shaft U2 passes. A deflector U, fixed on the shaft U2 just above thc top of the motor casing M1, prevents any lluid which may leak through the stuling box l5 from entering this hole in the top of the motor casing.

The fixed portion or casing P1 of the pump P is formed to provide a bottom P2, an impeller-enclosing portion P7 and a discharge conduit or neck P8. The pump casing may conveniently be formed of three castings, as shown in Fig. 4, one of these forming'the bottom P2, the annular partition P9, which is the bottom ofthe impellerenclosing portion P2, and fins P10 connecting these parts the second casting forming the k 'provided withdis'clia-rge nozzles'W, W8,

upperv part P11 of the impeller-enclosing portion P7; and the third casting forming the discharge neck P2. Theintake openings of the pump casing P1 comprise thespace provided between the annularflange P" and the bottom P2 of the 1pump casing and between the fins P10. t will be noted that this intake opening communicates with the bottom of the tank and is positioned well below the top'Os of the overflow pipe 01. The discharge opening of the pump casing P1 is located at the upper end ot the discharge neck P2. Y

The pump impeller P2, which is ixed on the upper end of the shaft U2 which isgin line' with the centerof the discharge openingof the pump casing, is provided with a top flange P12 and with spiral blades P12 depending from this flange and preferably formed integral with it. Fixed in the umpcasing P1, above the impeller flange P12, are spirall blades P12, which serve to direct the water thrown outwardly by the .impeller blades P12 into the discharge neck PB. The impeller P2 is rotated in a clockwise direction (looking from the top) by the motor M, and the impeller blades P12' land the xed blades P1* are so positioned that the water which is forced into the neck P8 is given a swirling motion in a clockwise direction looking from the top (see Fig. 8).

The wash projectors W consists, in the form illustrated, of two hollow arms W1,

W2, which project radially 'from a central hub W2. is open and `formsthe intake opening of the projector W. The rhub W11 is rotatably vmountedon a bearing surface P15 provided at the upper end of the discharge neck P8 of the pump casing P1 with its intake opening in communication with the dischargel opening of the bearing surface 1 lformed on the neck Pl1 serves to center the hub W8 and to retain it co-axial with `the shaft U2.

Curved detlectors W, W project into the hub W2 from the inner ends of the arms W1, W2, respectively. These dellectors are arranged` as best seen in Fig. 9, so that they` direct the stream of luidfwhich is forced into the hub through the neck of the pump casing, and which is swirling in 'a clockwise direction, radiall outward'i'nto the arms W1, W2. It fol ows that the stream of fluid is not required to turn any sharp corners to entery the wash arms W1, W2. The dellectors have been found to increase the effective pressure of the lluid in the arms to a verymaterial extent.

` It is apparent, also that the mpingement The bottom end of the hub W3 ump casing. A vertical of they swirling luid u on the deflectors W",

W". tends .to rotate t clockwise direction. v

The upper sides of the arms W1, W2 are e 'projector W in a W9, W1. These nozzles are provided with radial discharge slots W11 andare so formed 'that they project fluid in the form of fanlike sprays.

The nozzles W7, W8, W, W10 are placed at progressively decreasing distances from the axis of the hub W2 so that they move thev nozzles'lll,77 and W10 of the arm W1 to tip the armW1 downwardly in the lanev of the axisfof the projector is counter alanced by the tendency of the reaction of theriluid discharged through the nozzles, W2, W2 of the arm W2 tol tip that arm down. When the nozzles are all of the same size and `are positioned so as to rotate in equally spaced, concentric circles, as in the form illustrated, this balancing is obtained by placing the nozzle4 W1, which is most distant from the axis, upon one of the arms, placing the nozzles Ws and W2, which are the two next most distant from the axis, upon'the other arm, and by placing the nozzle W1", which `distances from the axis, it is necessary that the total number of the nozzles be a multiple of four or one less than a multiple of four, and that the nozzles lbe .distributed on the two arms according to the following rule: Place the mostdistant nozzle upon one arm, the next two nozzles upon the'other arm, the next two nozzles upon the first arm, the next two upon the second arm, and so on, until all the nozzles have been located.

,The arms W1, W2 are of the same length@ and ofthe same internal volume, so that the weights of the arms and the fluid which they contain are equal. The projector is thus balanced, both with `respect to reaction and with respect to weight, so that it has no tendency to tip in any direction.

The nozzles W7, W2, W9, W1", are all inclined to the axisof the projector. The nozzle W1, of the arm W1 and the nozzle W9 of 4The angles at which'the nozzles are inclined to the axis are such that the fluid projected by the forwardly inclined nozzles Ws and lV is moving at the same angle to the vertical as the fluid projected from the rearwardly inclined nozzles W7, W when the fluid from thc nozzles strikes the dishes or other articles sup iorted in the rack D. It is to be noted that the angle of incidence of the fluid discharged from a nozzle upon a vertical plane in the dish rack D depends upon two factors, namely, the inclination of the nozzle and the rotary movement thereof. In order to make the angles of incidence of the fluid discharged from the rearwardly and forwardly inclined nozzles substantially equal, I have found that it is necessary to incline the rearwardly inclined nozzles to the axis of the projector at substantially twice as great an angle as that at which the forwardly inclined nozzles are inclined to the axis of the projector. Thus, in the particular machine illustrated, in which the wash projector rotates at a rate of approximately thirt (30) revolutions per minute, the rearwardly inclined nozzles W7, W9 are inclined at 15 to the axis of the projector, while the forwardly inclined nozzles We, W10 are inclined at an angle of 71/2 to the axis of the projector (see Fig. 5). The arrangement and inclination of the nozzles described has been found to project the washing fluid with equal effectiveness against both sides of articles which are supported in the rack D in such manner that their soiled surfaces are substantially vertical.

Owing to the fact that the rearwardly inclined nozzles W7, WV" are more inclined than the forwardly inclined nozzles W8, W1", and that the sum of the distances of the rearwardly inclined nozzles from the axis is greater than the sum of the distances of the forwardly inclined nozzles from the axis, the resultant reaction of the fluid discharged through all the nozzles tends to cause a forward rotation of the projector, that is to say, a rotation in a clockwise direction (looldng from the top). It is apparent, therefore, that the rotation of the projector is caused both by the impingement against the deflectors W, W6 of the swirling stream of fluid forced into the projector and by the reaction of the fluid discharged by the projector, and that these two factors have an additive effect.

The outer ends of the arms W1, W2 are closed by plugs W12, which are detachably secured to' the outer ends of the arms so that they may be removed to permit the cleaning of the arms and nozzles.

While the particular construction of the wash projector W, which is illustrated in the drawing, may be modified without changing the operation of the projector, this construction embodies a number of advan- `tageou's features. Thus, in the form shown,

the hub Wx consists of a casting of which the deflectors W, W are integral parts while the arms W1, W are formed separate from the hub, and the nozzles are stam of separate pieces of metal and provi ed with cylindrically curved flanges W73, which are sweated or otherwise secured to the arms about lateral holes W14 provided therein. It is, however, not essential that the arms W1, W2 be formed of pieces of metal separate from the hub lVa, and it should be understood, therefore, that the use of the word hub and the word arms in the claims of this application is not intended to imply that the hub is necessarily made se arate from the arms, for it may be merely the axial portion of an integral member which forms both the arms and the hub.

The rinse projector R consists of hollow arms R7, R2, projecting radially outward from a central hub R3, which is'rotatably mounted upon the upper end of the hub Wa of the wash projector W. In order to eliminate friction between the hubs, a self-lubricating washer R4, made of brass impre ated with graphite, is seated in a recess 1n the upper end of the hub W3 and the lower end of the hub R3 rests upon this washer.

Rinsing fluid is supplied to the rinse pro- 'ector R throu h a rinse supply conduit.

he rinse supp y conduit includes a horizontal pipe R5 located below the bottom of the tank T and connected with a source of rinsing fluid, such as hot water, outside the tank. In this pipe R is a whistle valve R7 which is actuated by the control mechanism K. Connected to the inner end of the horizontal pipe R5 is a Vertical pipe R6 which extends into the tank T from the bottom, passing through a hole in the flange T9 of the tank bottom and the aligned hole U4 in the bottom P2 of the pump easing. A curved pipe R8 has one of its ends secured to the upper end of the pipe R7 by a detachable pipe union RS. The other end of the curved pipe RB connects with a conduit Ra which extends through the wall of the neck P8 and radially inward to the center of the pump casing. The conduit R9 is preferably formed as an integral part of the casting which forms the neck PB. The conduit R9 is flared or flattened in a direction slightly inclined to the horizontal, as shown in Fig. 7, so that it does not materially obstruct the swirling of the washing fluid in the neck PB.

A pipe R1 projects upwardly from a hole formed in the upper side of the conduit R near its inner end. The ipe R10 is located in the center of the neck 8 and in line with the shaft U2. It projects upwardly through a central hole in the upper end of the wash hub W3 and through central holes in the upper and lower ends of the rinse hub R. The engagement of the rinse hub with the noemen upper portion of this pipe serves to center the rinse rojector R. Lateral holes R11 in the pipe 1 within the rinse hub R3 permit the rinsing fluid to enter the hub of the rinse pro'ector. The upperend of the ipe R10 is closed by a detachable lug 13. This plug has a head ory flange 13 which extends over the upper end of the rinse hub R3. This head serves to pieventupward movement of the projectors W and R under the pressure of the fluid which is forced into the wash projector during the operation of the machine. When the plug R12 is removed, the projectors R and lV may be lifted 0E for the purpose of Giving them a thorough cleaning. rlhe hub 3 of the rinse projector is provided with two upwardly projecting bosses R11 which engage the top of the hub 73 of the wash projector and prevent the plug R12 from being replaced in position r in case the rinse projector R is put back upside down.

It may be noted that the portion of the pipe R10 which is within the wash hub W3,

co-operates with the deflectors W5, W in directing the swirlino stream of fluid which is forced into the wasi hub N3 radially outward into the wash arms W71, W3.

The rinse projector R is provided with four discharge nozzles R15, which are positioned and inclined in the saine manner as the nozzles W7, W8, W1', W10 Yof the wash projector. In consequence, the rinse projector R is balanced, and is rotated by the reaction of the fluid discharged from it, and the rinse fluid is distributed with equal effectiveness on both sides of the articles in the same way as the wash fluid.

The rinse nozzles are different in form from the wash nozzles. yThey are formed so as to project flat, fanlike sprays even when operated with a small quantity of fluid supplied under low pressure. As best seen in Fig. 6, each rinse nozzle R15 has a general conical form and is provided atits upper end with. a short diametrical discharge slit R13. The material of the nozzle is pressed in at each end of the slit R111, so as to form an inwardly projecting deflector R17 just inside each end of the slit. The fluid flowing outwardly along opposite walls of the rinse nozzle is directed inwardly by the deflectors R17 so that two streams of the fluid impinge against each other just inside the slit R171.v

'lhis has been found to result in projecting vthe fluid through the slit in the form of a very thin, fan-like spray. The ends of the rinse arms R1, R2 are provided with detachable plugs R13 similar to the plugs W13.

A modified form of the portion of the rinse conduit within the pump casing and a corresponding modification of the pump casing is illustrated in Figs. l() and l1. In this form, the ipe R8 is connected with a conduit 9', which passes through the pump casing P1 below the neck l thereof and on a level with the xed spiral blades P13 of the pump casing. @ne of these blades P11 is extended to the center of the casing and the conduit R9 extends along this blade. As in the form first described, a pipe'R10 extends upwardly from the inner end of the conduit R9 and passes through the projectors W and R. ln thev modification shown in Figs. l() and 11, the neck P8 ofthe pump casing and the upper part P11 of the impeller-enclosing portion P7 are formed of a single casting, and the blades P11 and the conduit R9 are integral parts of this casting. This construction ensures a proper centering of the pi e R10 with the vertical bearing surface 11 of the neck P8. R9 shown in the modification has the advantage of preventing this conduit from in any way interfering with the swirling of the fluid in the pump casin above the iinpeller. f The controlling mec anism K is so arranged that manipulation of a single control lever K1` serves to control both the supply of rinsing fluid to the rinse projector and the supply of washing fluid to the wash projector. The control lever K1 is fulcrumed at its lower end to a support K2 projecting outwardly from the side wall Tz of the tank 'l near the top of the tank. A connecting rod K3 has its upper end pivotally secured' to the control lever K1 at a point spaced from the fulcrum of the lever. The lower end of the connecting rod K3 is slidably mounted in a hole in a bracket K4 which is secured to an arm K5 extending downwardly from the tank T. Mounted on the lower end of the connecting rod below the'bracket K1 is an operating head K6 having Va horizontal slot K" in its inner side. "lhe portion K3 of the head below the slot K7 projectsfurther than the portion K1 of the head above the slot. The switch M3, to which ythe motor leads M2 are connected, is mounted on the arm K5 and provided with an -operating lever K1o which projects into the slot K7 of the head K3 when the head is raised -against the lower side of the bracket K". The switch is 0 arranged that when its operating lever K10 is in this position, the switch is closed, while, when the o erating lever is turned downwardly the switch is opened.

The whistle valve R7 in the rinse pipe R5 is secured to the lower end of the arm K5. The operating pin K11 of the whistle valve projects upwardly under the headK. The whistle valve R7 is arranged, as is usual in suclivalves, so thatit is opened when the pin K11 is depressed. A spring in the whistle valve keeps the valve normally closed and the pin K11 normally raised.

Then the control lever K1 is in raised position` as shown in Fig. 1, the head K6 is in its raised position and the operating lever The position yof the conduit ien K1o of the switch Ms is' raised so \as to close the switch. AWhen the lever K1 is moved.

is for theY portion K'a of the head Ke to depress the operating lever K1", opening the switch M3 and stopping the motor. A further downward movement of the lever K1 and the head K causes the lower surface of the head to depress the pin KL1 of the whistle valve against the spring in the valve and to open this valve so that rinsin fluid flows through the rinse pipe R5. W en the lever K1 is released after being fully depressed, the lever and head are raised to their neutral position by the spring of the whistle valve, so that neither the wash pro- 'ector `nor the rinse conduit is in o eration.

f the lever is moved upward rom its neutral position, the portion K8 of the head K engages the operating lever K1 of the switch M3 and raises it so as to close the switch and start the motor.

It should be noted that the operating lever K1 is so formed and positioned that when it is placed so as to actuate the motor to supply washing fluid to the wash projector, its upper end projects over the cover C of the tank. If the cover is accidentally opened while the motor and wash projector are in operation, the initial opening movement of the cover forces the lever K1 into its neutral position, stopping the motor and cutting off the supply of washing fluid to the wash projector. This prevents a spilling of the waslnng fluid in case the cover is accidentally opened without first stopping the motor.

The cover C is arranged to prevent the escape of the washing and rinsing fluids discharged lby the projectors WV and R, while permitting the escape of air from the tank. When the wash projector is placed in operation, the air inthe tank is heated rapidly from the room temperature to the temperature of the hot wash fluid. This causes a rapid expansion of the air in the tank.v If the tank is provided with an ordinary closefitting cover, the expanding air will raise the cover and carry out some of the washing fluid with it as it escapes from the tank. A feature of the present invention consists in arranging the cover so that the air is allowed to escape but cannot carry with it any of the washing fluid.

The cover C is secured to the outer side of the cylindrical wall T2 of the tank T by means of a hinge C1 at the back of the tank. The cover is formed to provide an outwardly projecting peripheral flange C2, which extends over the upper edge T10 of the cylindrical wall T2 of the ktank when the cover is closed. The lower surface C3 of the flange C2 is substantially horizontal when the cover is closed and extends inwardly some distance inside the cylindrical Wall of the tank. From the inner endY of the surface C3 depends a cylindrical skirt C4. The lower edge C5 of the skirt C4 engages two supports T11 when the cover is closed. These supports may consist, as shown, of short, curved rods secured to the inside of the wall T2 of the tank at or near the upper edge of the inclined surface T5 of the bead T3.

When the cover C is closed, it is supported by the hinge C1 and by the su ports T11 in such manner that the lower c ge C5 of the skirt C4 is spaced slightl above the inclined surface T5 of the bead 3, while the bottom surface C3 of the flange C2 is spaced slightly above the upper edge T10 of the wall T2 of the tank. The lower edge of the skirt C4 may be rolled to form a vsmall )rojection Ca which is close to the wall T2 of the tank but spaced from this wall when the cover is closed.

It will now be noted that, as a result of the arrangement described, when the cover is closed a space or passage is provided between the upper portion of thewall T2 of the tank and the cover extending substantially all the way around the tank. This passage is crooked, that is to say, a straight line cannot be drawn through it from within the tank to a point outside of the tank. It contains two necks, one, C7, formed between the lower edge Cs of the skirt C4 and the inclined surface T5 of the bead- Ta and between the projection C6 and the wall of the tank, and the other, C8, between the lower surface C3 of the flange C2 and the upper edge T1 of the wall of the tank. The space C between these necks is much wider than either of the necks.

When the wash projector W is placed in operation, the expanding air esca es through the crooked passage provided etween the cover C and the upper portion of the wall T2 of the tank. The washing fluid which is projected towards each point of the periphery vof the cover as the arm rotates is trapped in the space C. This space is of such size that before the point of it towards which the washing fluid is projected at any moment is completely filled, the turning of the projector has directed the fluid towards a different point of the periphery of the cover so that the waters trapped at the first point in the space C runs back into the tank.

The upper surface C1o of the cover is upwardly inclined toward the center of the cover. This adds to the strength of the `cover and also facilitates the moving of the control lever K1 into its neutral position when the cover is accidentally raised during the operation of the wash projector WV.

The dish rack D is arranged to hold dishes placed in it with their soiled surfaces substantially vertical, regardless ofthe manner in which the dishes are placed in the 1 the fans of Huid projected from the inclined .nozzles ofthe projectors at such an angle that the washing fluid peels the dirt from' the surfaces. The dish rack serves also to retain cups and glasses with their bottoms at an angle to the horizontal, so that they are drained eectivelyafter they have been rinsed.

An important Jfeature of the dish rack is that while it is strong and or' simple construction and does not obstruct the sprays of washing and rinsing iiuid, it is, nevertheless, arranged so that the artic-les to be washed cannot come into contact with any metal parts. This avoids chipping and staining the dishes.

The dish'rack D, shown in the drawings, has one side D1 adapted to hold lates and its opposite side D2 adapted to hol cups and glasses. l

The bottom of the dish rack i's formed of open wire-work, which may conveniently be termed wire mesh. In the form shown, this bottom is formed by three circular hoops of wire D1. D5, D, and a plurality of radial wires D7, D14. v

The radial wires D7 on the plate side D1 of the dish rack are horizontal and are comparatively closely spaced. They are soldered or otherwise secured yto the hoops D1. D, D11.

Each of the radial wires D7 is bent to form a plurality of upwardly projecting loops D2. The portions of the radlal wlres forming the sides of each loop are pressed together so that the loops in eiect form pms projecting upwardly from the bottom ofthe rack. The outer ends of the radial wires D7 are also turned upwardly to form peripheral pins D2- Over the bottom of the side D1 of therack is` formed a net-work of non-metallic material. In the form shown, this net-work consists of radial and circum` ferential reeds D10, which are secured to the radial Wires D7. the edges of the p`ates from coming in contact with the kmetal Wires which form the bottom of the rack. Each of the pins D8 is covered with a casing D11 ot' soft material, which may conveniently take the form of a rubber tube. The casings D11 prevent 1 lthe dishes from coming into Contact with the metal pins D2.

The pins D8 are so positioned as to leave long, narrow spaces between them extending in numerous different directions. This arrangement permits the placing of plates between the pins when the dishes are turned either circumferentially or radially or. at various different angles to the circumference or the radii of the rack. The pins are placed at such a distance from' each The reeds D10 prevent` other that plates placed in any ofthese directions are held substantially vertical.

The radial wires D14 of the cup and glass side D2 of the dish rack are inclined upward towards 'the outer edge of the rack. They have, at their outer ends, vertically depending portions D15 which, are secured, at their lower ends,to the outer bottom hoop D1. The radial wires D14 are secured near their inner ends to the inner hoop De. These wires are secured at an intermediate point tothe middle hoop D5, which is bent upwardly at this side of the dish rack. Loops having their sides closely spaced are Jformed in the radial wires D14, so as to form pins D111, similar to the pins D2 but more widely spaced, and peripheral pins D17.

lThe inclined radial wires D14 are covered with a net-work of circumferentlal and radial reeds D1B which forman inclined support for the bottoms of cups and glasses and maintain these articles out of contact with the radial wires. The pins D16 prevent these articles from sliding inwardly on the inclined surface. LikeA the 'pins D8, they are provided with soft tubular casings D19. The dish rack is provided with a supporting wire hoop D20 which is secured to the outer sides of the peripheral pins D9 and to the outer sidesof the depending wires D15 a little above the bottom of the rack. The dish rack may be strengthened by an additional hoop D21 above the hoop D2o and secured in the A same manner. Circumferential reeds D22 may be secured to the inside of the peripheral pins D2 and lthe inside of the peripheral pins D17 to prevent the dishes vfrom coming into contact with any wire at the periphery of the rack. The rack is provided with two handles D21` to facilitate lifting it.

The outside diameter of the hoops D2o and D21 is slightly less than the diameter of the inner edge of the bead T3 and slightly greater than the diameter `of the inner edge of the bead T4. When the rack is `placed in the tank, therefore, it passes the bead T2, and its supporting hoo D2o rests jupon the inclined surface Te o the bead T4. This holds the rack with its bottom horizontal and slightly above the rinse projector R.

It will be understood that if the number of plates or the number ofcups and glasses to be washed is sufficient to justify it, the machine may be provided with dish racks having both sides similar to the side D1 of the rack shown for the supportof plates or with both sides similar to the side D2 for the support of cups and glasses."

In order to provide for the support of table silver, an open-mesh basket D24 is provided. As shown in Figs. 13 and 14, this basket is wedge-shaped, so that it may be inserted between the pins Ds of two of the adjacent radial wires D7 of the side D1 of vImm the dish rack. When so inserted, it rests upon the reeds D1 and is held securely in position b the pins D. The .table silver may be p aced inthe basket either before or after the basket has been thus inserted in the dish rack.

Strainer pans S are provided for preventing solid matter removed from the dishes by the washing fluid from falling to the bottom of the tank and being drawn into the intake openig of the pump or clogging the drain p Tn the form shown, there arethree strainer pans S, which are segmental in form. The peripheral portion of each pan rests upon the peri heral portion of the bottom of the tank, w ile the inner edge of each pan 1s supported on a circumferential flange P2 formed on the outside of the neck l?B of the casing. Each strainer pan is provide at one of its radial edges with a flange S1, which is off-set upwardly so as to overlap the radial edge of the adjacent pan, thus preventing any solid matter from passing between the pans. In order to facilitate their removal from the tank for the purpose of cleaning them and the parts under them, each strainer pan S is provided with a handle S2.

The use and operation of the dish washing f machine which has been described is as follows:

The first step in using the machine is to fill the bottom of the tank up to the level of the top of the overflow pipe O1 with washing Huid. Thisis done byprcssing the control lever downward from its neutral position so that the head KG depresses the pin K11 and allows hot water or other rinslng fluid to enter the tank through the rinse pro'ector R. Thel lever K1 is held down unt1l the bottom of the tank is filled to the level of the top of the overflow pipe Ol and then allowed to reassume its neutral position. If hot water is used as a rinsing fluid, a detergent is then added to the water in the bottom of the tank so as to make this water effective as a washing fluid.

The dish rack D is then placed in the tank with its supporting hoop D2 resting on the bead T1. The dishes and other articles to be washed may be placed in the dish rai-k between the pins D8 and the pills D either before or after the rack is placed iu the tank.

The cover C of the tank is then closed and the control lever K1 is moved to its upper position, cansino' the head K to close the switch M3 and place the motor M and pump P in operation. The pump draws the washing fluid from the bottom of the tank and forces it into the wash projector lV, whence it is projected against the dishes or other articles in the dish rack D. The washing fluid projected falls back from thedishes and from the inner walls of the tank and cover into the bottom of the tank and may thus be used over and over again as long as the ump is kept in foperation. It has been ound, however, that owing to the effective manner in which'the washing fluid is projected against the dishes, only a minute or two is required to thoroughlyl cleanse them. During the washing o eration, the wash projector W rotates rapi ly. Owing to the slight friction between the hubs W and R3, the rinse pro'ector R tends to rotate slowly in the same t irection as the wash projector W. It has been found, however, that the rinse projector in no way interferes with the fluid projected from the nozzles of the wash projector, as the force of the sprays of washing fluid is such that they immediately turn the rinse projector out of the way, in case the rinse projector happens at any time to be placed nearly in line with the wash projector.

After the washing is thus completed, the

lever K1 is pushed down sufficiently to open the valve R7 admitting clean rinsing fiuid to the rinse projector R. This fluid, which is usually hot water, is thoroughly distributed ovcr the dishes and other articles by the rinse projector and serves to remove from them all the washing fluid with which they are wet after the washing operation. During the rinsing, the rinse projector R is rotated by reaction, while the wash projector 'W remains stationary. Only a few seconds 4 are-required for the rinsing operation, after which the lever K1 is allowed to reassnme its neutral position. Owing to the osition of the dishes and cups and glass s in the dish rack D, the rinsing fiuid drains off them as soon as the rinsing operation is stopped. It has been found that if a very hot rinsing Huid is used, the draining is so effective that the dishes are practically dry when removed from the tank, so that no wi ing of them is necessary. The rinsing fluid is so effectively distributed by the projector R that only one or two quarts of it need be used to rinse the articles effectively. This amounts to about one-fifth of the quantity of washing fluid in the bottom of the tank.

After the washing and rinsing, the cover C is opened, the lever K1 being in its neutral position, so that it does not interfere with the movement of the cover, and the dish rack D is lifted from the tank by its handles, or, if preferred, the dishes are removed individually from the dish rack while the latter remains in the tank.

If desired, several batches of dishes or other articles may be washed in succession without draining the washing fluid in the bottom of the tank. This is because the solid matter removed from the dishes is retained upon the strainer pans S and also because any grease which may be floating on the washing fiuid in the bottom 0f the fluid retained in the bottom of the tank for washing purposes.

After all the dishes or other articles have been washed, the strainer pans S are removed and the washing fluid remaining in the bottom of the tank is drained off through the drain pipe O by lifting out the overiow pipe O1. The tank and the apparatus in it may, if desired, then he washed by admitting additional rinsing fluid through the valve K7 and the rinse projector.

From the above description, it will be apparent that the embodiment of the invention which has been illustrated and described is a compact unitary machine, all of whose parts co-operate in the rapid and efficient cleansing of dishes and other articles. It should be understood, however, that many features of the embodiment described may, under certain circumstances, advantageously be used independently, and these features in themselves constitute parts of my invention. It should be understood, also, that the invention is by no means limited to the particular form and arrangement of the parts of the embodiment described except 1n so far as specified in the claims which follow.

lVhat is claimed is:

l. A dish washing machine, comprising av tank having an o ening in its bottom, means for supporting t e articles to be washed in the upper part of the tank, a wash and rinse unit having a rigid frame' providing a closure for the opening in the tank and two separate iiuid conduits, one of which extends through said closure and is connected to a supply of rinsing Huid, means for drawing washing fluid from the bottom of said tank and forcing it through the other conduit, and two coaxial rotary fluid projectors supported adjacent to each other on said frame and having intake openings communicating with said fluid conduits respectivel and discharge openings directed toward t e articles on said support.

2. l'n a washing machine, the combination of two adjacent coaxial rotary projectors, a. conduit for supplying a Huid to one of the projectors, and a conduit for supplying another fluid to the second projector, the second conduit including a pipe extending within the first conduit and axially through the first projector.

3. In a dish washing machine, a wash and rinse unit comprising a frame, a iuid projector rotatably mounted thereon, a second projector rotatably mounted onsaid first projector, and separate fluid conduits communieating with said projectors respectively.

4. In a dish washing machine, a wash and .jector mounted on said rinse unit comprising a rigid frame proprojector mounted on said frame and having an intake opening in communication with said annular conduit and a second profirst projector and having an intake opening in communication with said central conduit.

5. In a washing machine, the combination of a projector comprising a rotatable hollow hub and hollow arms extending radially therefrom and having discharge openings, 'j a second projector having a hollow hub coaxial with the huh of the first projector and hollow arms extending radially therefrom l and containing discharge openlngs, means for supplylng a washing fluid to the hub of 4.

one of said projectors, and a conduit for supplying a rinsing fluid to the hub of the other projector, said conduit including a pipe extending axiallyI through the hub of the first projector.

6. In a washing machine, the combination of a supplyconduit having a discharge opeumg containing an axial intake opening and rotatably mounted on said supply conduit with its intake opening in communication with the discharge opening thereof and hollow a projector comprising a hollow huh arms extending radially from said hub and I containing discharge openings,l a second projector comprising a rotary hollow hub coaxial with the hub of the first projector and hollow arms extending radially from said second hub and containing discharge openings, and a pipe extending through the discharge o ening of said supply conduit and axially t rough the hubs of both projectors, said pipe containing a lateral discharge opening within the hub of the second projector.

7. In a washing machine, the combination of a supply conduit having a discharge opening and providing a bearing surface surrounding said opening, a projector comprising a hollow hub havin an open end rotatably mounted on said caring surface and hollow arms extending radially from said hub and containing discharge openings, a second projector comprising a rotar hollow hub coaxial with the hub ofV said rst projector and hollow arms extending from said second hub and containing discharge openings, a pipe extending through the discharge opening of said supply conduit and axially through the hubs of both projectors, said pipe .containing a lateral d1scharge opening within the hub of the second rojector, and means mounted on -said plpe yond thehub of thecsecond projector for restraining outward movement of the hubs.

8. In a washing maclne, the combination of a su ing an providing a bearing surface aroun radially l d thvin adischar eo en-L pycon u1 a g `g p also hub of the rst said opening, a projector comprising a hollow hub having an open end rotatably mounted on said bearing surface and hollow arms extending laterally from said hub and containing discharge openings, a self-lubricating bearing washer seated on the outer end of said hub, a second projector comprising a hollow hub rotatably mounted on said bearing washer and coaxial with the hub ofthe first projector, and hollow arms extending laterally from said second hub and containing discharge openings, and a pipe extending through the discharge opening of said supply conduit and axially through the hubs of both projectors and the bearin washer, said pipe containing a lateral dlscharge opening within the hub of the second projector.

9. In a washing machine, a wash and rinse unit comprising a pump having a casing containing an upwardly directed discharge opening, a rotary projector having an axial intake opening and rotatably mounted on the pump casing with its intake opening in communication with the discharge opening of the casing, a second projector rotatably mounted on said first projector, and a pipe connected to a supply of rinsing fluid and extending into the pump casing and upward through the center of the discharge opening ofthe casing and through the first projector and communicating with'the second projector.

10. In a washing machine, a wash and rinse unit comprising a pump casing having an upwardly directed dlscharge opening, a rotary impeller in said casing adapted to force a stream of fiuid through said discharge opening, a rotary projector comprising a hollow hub having an axial intake opening and rotatably mounted on said casing and with its intake opening in communication with the discharge opening of the casing and hollow arms extending radially from said hub and having discharge openings, a second rotary projector comprising a hollow hub rotatably mounted on the hub of the first projector and hollow arms extending radially from said second hub and having discharge openings, and means for supplying fluid to said second projector comprising a pipe extending into the pump casing to the center thereof above the impeller.

and extending upwardly through the middle of the discharge opening and through the rojector and communicating with the hub oi) the second projector.

11. In a washing machine, the combina- \\tion of a rotatably mounted hollow hub hav- 'said hub and containin an axialv intake opening at one of its en s, hollow arms extending radially from disiarge openings, means located outside t e hub for forcing a swirling stream of Huid into said hub @5 through its intake opening, and defiectors in said hub positioned to cause a rotation of the hub and arms by the impingement there- -on of the swirlin fluid in the hub.

12. In a washing machine, the combination of a rotatably mounted hollow hub having an axial intake opening aft one of its ends, hollow arms extending radially from said hub and containing discharge openings positioned and inclined so as to cause a rotation of the hub and arms bythe reaction of the fluid discharged therethrough, means outside the hub for forcing into said hub through its intake opening a stream of fluid swirling in the direction of rotation of said hub, and deflectors in said hub positioned to accelerate the rotation of the hub and arms by the impingement of the swirling fluid upon them.

13. In a washing machine, the combination of a hollow hub having an axial intake opening, hollow arms extending radially therefrom and containing discharge openings, means for forcing a swirling stream ot' fluid into said hub, and a deflector extending into the hub from one side of' the inner end of each of said arms and inclined so as to direct the swirling fluid in the hub into said arm.

14. In a washing machine, a washing unit comprisinga pump easing having an upwardly directed discharge opening, a rotary impeller in said casing adapted to force a swirling stream of fluid therethrough, a hollow hub having an axial intake opening and rotatably mounted on the pump casing, coaxial with said impeller, and with its intake opening in communication with the discharge opening of the casing, hollow arms extending radially from said hub and containing discharge openings, and a deflector extending into the hub from one side of the inner end of each of said arms and inclined so as to direct the swirling fluid in the hub into said arm and to cause a rotation of the hub and arms by the impingement of the swirling fluid upon it.

15. In a washing machine, a Washing' unit,

comprising a pump casing having an upwardly directed discharge opening, a rotary impeller in the casing adapted to force a swirling stream of fluid therethrough, a hollow hub having an axial intake opening and rotatably mounted on said casing, coaxial with said impeller, and with its intake opening in communication with the discharge opening of the casing, hollow arms extending radially from said hub and containing discharge openings, an axial member exv tending through said hub so as to displace the swirling fluid from the central portion of the hub, and a deflector in said hub extending inwardly from one side of each of said arms, terminating close to said axial member, and inclined so as to force the swirling duid in the hub into said arm and ecting portion of said fixed member, hollow arms extending 'radially from said hubI to cause the rotation of the hub and arms by the impingement of the swirling Huid upon it. b n i 16. In a washing machine, a washing `unit, comprising a pump casing having an upwardly directed discharge opening and pro-" viding a bearing surface around said opening, a rotary impeller in said Casin adapted to force a swirling stream of .flui through said opening, 'a member fixed in said 'pump casing and extending from a wall thereof first inwardly above the impeller to the center of the casing and then upwardly through the center of the discharge opening, the inwardly extending portion of said member being formed so as not materially to obstruct the swirl of fiuid in the casing, la hollow hub whose lower end is open and rotatably mounted on said bearing surface and whose upper end contains an axial hole surrounding the projecting portion of said fixed member, hollow arms extending .radially from said hub and containing discharge openings, a deector extendinginto Athe hub from one side of the inner end of each of said arms and inclined so as to direct the fluid swirling in the hub into said arm and to cause a rotation of the hub and arms by the impingement of the swirling-fluid thereon, and means mounted on said fixed member above said hub `to prevent upward` movement thereof. i

17. In a washing machine, a washing unit, comprising a pump casing haying an upwardly directed discharge opening and providing a bearing surface around said opening, spiral vanes fixed in the upper portion of the casing to direct the fluid inwardly .toward the discharge opening, a rotary impeller in said casing adapted to force a swirling stream of iiuid through said opening, a member fixed in said casing and having a portion extending inwardly from the inner end of one of said spiral vanes and to the center of the casing, and a portion extending upwardly through the center oi? the. discharge opening, a hollow hub whose lower end is open and rotatably mounted on said-bearing surface and whoseupper end contains an'axial hole surrounding the pro,-

and containing discharge openings, a deiiector extendinginto the hub from one side of the inner` end of each of said arms and.

inclined so asl to direct the fluid swirling in the hub into said arm and to cause a rotation of the hub and arms by the impingement of the swirling iiuid thereon, and

means mounted-on said iixed member above` said hub to 'prevent upward .movement thereof.

18. In a washing machine, a wash and rinse unit comprising a fiuid conduit having a discharge opening, means forforcing a swirling stream of fluid through said discharge opening, a rotary projector compris ing a hollow hub having..,anvaxial intake..

35 opening and rotatably mounted on said conduit with its intake opening'y in communica-- tion with the discharge opening thereof, and

`hollowarms extending radially from said hub and having discharge openings, a second rotary rojector comprising a` hollow hub rotatab y mounted on the hub of the first projector, and hollow arms extending radially from said hub vand having discharge openings, means for supplying fluid to said second projector comprising a pipe extending into said conduit to the center thereof and extending through the discharge opening and through the hub of the first projector and communicating with the hub of thc second projector, and a deflector extending into the hub of the first. rojector from one side of the inner end o .each of the arms ofr the iii-st projector and terminating near said pipe.` I

19..In a washing machine, a rotary projector comprising a rotatably mounted hol.- low hub having an inlet opening and a pair of diametrically opposite hollow radial arms extending from said hub, one of said arms being provided along one of itssides with a vplurality of spaced discharge openings, and the other of said arms bein provided along one of its sides withl a p urality of 20. In a washing machine, a rotary projector comprising a rotatably mounted hollow hub having an inlet opening and a pair 'of diametrically opposite hollow radial arms of equal length and equal internal volume extending from said hub, one of said arms being provided along one of its sides with a plurality of spaced discharge openings, and the other of said arms being provided along one of its sides with a plurality of spaced discharge openings positioned at rangement and size of said openings being such that the tendency of the reaction of the fluidy discharged through the openings of one arm to turn the projector in a plane including the axis'or' the projector is 'sub-` stantially balanced by the tendency of the .e spaced discharge openings' positioned at dif- .diferent distances from the laxis of the hub l from the openings of the first. arm, the arreaction of the fluid discharged through` the openings of the other arm to turn the projector in said plane.

21. In a Washing machine, a rotary projector comprising a rotatably mounted hollow hub having an inlet opening and a pair of diametrically opposite hollow radial arms extending' from said hub, one of said arms being provided with a plurality of spaced discharge openings of equal size, and the other of said arms being provided with a plurality of discharge openings of the same size and positioned at different distances from the axis of the hub from the openings of the first arm and located so that -the sum of their distances from the axis of the hub equals the sum of the distances of the openings of the first arm from the axis ofthe hub.

22. In a washing machine, the combination Witha -support for the articles to be washed, of two projectors directed toward the articles on the support, a pump adapted to supply a Washing fiuid to one of said projectors, an electric motor arranged to drive said pump, a-switch controlling the supply of electricity to said motor, means for supplying a rinsing fluid to the other of said' projectors including a valve controlvmy hand.

ling the supply, and a controlling member connected to said switch and said valve and arranged to close said switch and open said valve when moved to its extreme position in one direction and to open said switch and close said valve when moved to its extreme lposition in the opposite direction.

23.. In a Washing machine, the combinathe supply of electricity to said motor, means for supplying rinsing fluid to the other of said projectors includingl a valve controlling the supply, and a movablecontrolling member arranged to close said switch and to close said valve When in its intermediate position, to open said switch when moved from its intermediate position to its extreme position in one direction, and to open said valve when moved from its intermediate position to its extreme position in the opposite direction.

In testimony whereof I have'hereunto set HENRY R. MERSELES. 

